I couldn’t find a really comprehensive guide to maximum shotgun capacities for Canada, so I thought I’d write one. And although I’ve collected some thoughts in an article, this article is just my thoughts. Do your own reading and make your own opinion on what you can or can’t do. You’re responsible for following our fucked up laws, I take no responsibility if you get clapped by the pony police.
First off, many hunters might think that shotguns are limited to 2 shells in the tube and while that’s the case in most hunting regulations, it’s not a hard limit if you’re using your shotguns for other activities like shooting clays or just blasting stuff in a gravel pit or at the range. So to clarify, 2 shotshells in the tube is a waterfowl hunting regulation, and you can use a simple plastic or wood plug to keep your tube to compliance when hunting. **Edit: Provinces may have additional hunting regulations pertaining to shotgun capacity. Check your provincial hunting regs.** As pointed out in the comments, slugs while hunting big game fall under other regulations, so capacity when slug hunting will be different.
Pump Action and other manually operated shotguns have no limit on magazine capacity. However, if their magazine is the same as a mag used in a semi automatic shotgun, it may have to be limited. I have an 870 that, with the tube extension and 1 in the chamber, will fit (11) 2 3/4″ shotgun shells, all completely legally. Some of the bullpup, dual tube shotguns like the UTAS UTS-15 or Kel-Tek KSG will hold 15 rounds. Similarly, the magazine-fed, pump action SAP6 can make use of 6 and 11 round magazines. Lever action shotguns like the Adler Arms A-110 are also not limited.
Semi Automatic Shotgun Capacity
Semi Automatic Shotguns are a bit trickier in Canada. For tube magazine-fed semi-auto shotguns, they can only take 5 rounds of the type they’re designed for in the mag. In a box magazine, that means 5 shells. In a tube, it’s a bit different since shotguns made for long shells will fit a few extra shorter shells in. The extra capacity is super important in 3 gun and some other action sports using shotguns.
Conservatively:
- 5 2&3/4 shells in a shotgun chambered for 2&3/4
- 6 2&3/4 shells in a shotgun chambered for 3″
- 7 2&3/4 shells in a shotgun chambered for 3.5″
Here are some general numbers for tube capacities for semi auto shotguns.
Not Conservatively:
Now, if you use long 3.5″ shells or go off one of the SAAMI specs, you may make the case that you should be able to do 8 or even 9 2&3/4 shells in your 3.5″ shotgun. Personally, I wouldn’t want to be discussing the finer points of SAAMI spec on the side of the road with an officer or in court because my shotgun slipped in a 6th 3.5″ round.
3″ Shell Lengths:
- Typical 3″ shell: 2.55″
- SAAMI Max folded: 2.655″
- SAAMI max rolled crimp: 2.76″
- SAAMI max uncrimped: 3.01″
3″ Chamber: 2.55*5.9 = 15.045″ of in tube capacity = (6.7) 2 3/4 shells. Might as well go for 6 and call it a day.
3.5″ Shell Lengths:
- Typical 3.5″ shell: 3″
- SAAMI max rolled or folded: 3.155″
- SAAMI max uncrimped: 3.51″
3.5″ Chambered: 2.96*5.9= 17.46″ of in-tube capacity = (7.76) 2 3/4 shells.
These are some general guidelines and calculations for tube fed, semi-auto shotguns. Ultimately you’re responsible for ensuring your shotgun meets legal regulations. I will not bail you out of jail if you read this article and get arrested. Once you’ve figured out your appropriate tube length, it needs to be permanently altered to capacity. You cannot use a plug or temporary device. If you use a metal extension tube, you need to use metal to keep it to capacity. Read here for the exact legal description: Part 4, Section 4 and 5.
Hey, look at that. 2 3/4″ shells are NOT 2.75″ unfired, instead they’re around 2.2-2.3″. That’s because shotgun shell measurements are for the FIRED shells.
What ifs
Because this law is stone cold stupid, there are a whole pile of what if’s that are frustrating if they apply to you:
- What if your shotgun can take 3.5″ shells, but it isn’t marked as so on the receiver, but on the barrel, and what happens if there are different barrels for different length shells? The Remington 1100, for example, uses a different barrel for 3″ magnum loads.
- What if your shotgun shell max length isn’t labelled on your shotgun at all?
- What if the police test your shotgun capacity using factory shotgun shells that are known to be on the short side?
Anyhoo, there’s the numbers. Lemme know if you have a different opinion or if I’m missing something here.
For further reading, check out the ANSI-SAAMI Spec on Shotshells.